About 120 million tons of red mud is produced worldwide each year. Due to its high basicity and potential leaching, its storage is a critical environmental problem. This material is typically stored in dams, which demands prior care of the disposal area and includes monitoring and maintenance throughout its useful life. Consequently, it is crucial to figure out an industrial …
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Red mud is a waste generated in Bayer process during the treatment of bauxite with caustic soda for alumina extraction (Grafe et al., 2009). This slurry is, in general, strongly alkaline (pH range from 9.7 to 12.8; Grafe et al., 2009) and contains a wide range of minerals classified in two groups: i) mineral phases present in the original bauxite, unchanged by the …
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Red mud is a highly alkaline solid waste with very fine particles produced in the production of alumina from bauxite, which is difficult to utilize comprehensively. In this paper, microbial mineralization is applied to the treatment of sintering red mud, and the mineralized products with good cementation characteristics generated in the reaction process are used to …
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Generally,the main chemical components of RM include Al 2 O 3, Fe 2 O 3, SiO 2, TiO 2, ... (Zhang et al., 2020), and the highly alkaline red mud could cause severe chemical burns to humans and animals and kill creatures in the rivers and contaminate soils. Thus, it is crucial to dewater, ...
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Alkaline leaching of red mud typically aims to recover sodium and aluminum [32]. The dissolution efficiency of titanium and REEs have been shown to be low with alkaline leaching treatment. In contrast, recovery rate of these components has been shown to be sufficiently high using acidic reagents. ... The concentration of major components of the ...
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Under the alkaline oxidative conditions existing in the Bayer process, they break down to more simple compounds such as the sodium salts of succinic, acetic and oxalic acids. Predominant among these salts is sodium oxalate. ... Red mud in "as it is" state, solid concentration ~400g/l . Red mud after water evaporation. Bibliography. W ...
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the alkaline components in red mud, and that red mud had a strong sequestration effect on carbon dioxide. ... the major chemical components of red mud, and their con-tents were 39.79%, 21.51%, 16.32%, and 3.65%, respec-tively. In …
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Red mud (RM) is an industrial waste produced in large amounts during alumina extraction from bauxite. Its disposal generates serious environmental pollution due to high alkalinity. Therefore, a strategy for the …
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Increasing attention has been focused on the comprehensive utilization of alkaline red mud (RM) derived from aluminum industry. Phytoremediation serves as an effective strategy, but it is limited ...
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The preparation of the catalyst based on red mud is an environmentally friendly process, which not only reduces the cost of the catalyst, but also solves the environmental pollution caused by red mud. Since the content of alkaline components, such as Na 2 O and CaO, is high, and the presence of alkaline metal can seriously inhibit the NH 3-SCR ...
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The major elements in the original RM sample used are Fe, Al, Si, Ca, Na, and Ti whose content (expressed in terms of oxides) is shown in Table 1. Residual water content in RM sample was not higher than 0.5 wt.%. Table 1. Major components composition in the original red mud sample. Compound Fe 2O 3 Al 2O 3 SiO 2 CaO Na 2O TiO 2 wt., % 42.1 12.7 ...
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Under the alkaline oxidative conditions existing in the Bayer process, they break down to more simple compounds such as the sodium salts of succinic, acetic and oxalic …
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Among, Red mud (RM), a by-product of bauxite processing through the Bayer process, exhibits characteristics of strong alkalinity (pH 10–14), a large quantity, and complex components [19, 20]. Fe 2 O 3 is the main component of red mud, typically accounting for 15–60 wt%, and it is considered as potential OCs. It is noteworthy that the raw ...
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Red mud is an industrial waste produced in alumina production. It is estimated that the global aluminum industry produces approximately 120 million tons of red mud each year, and that the cumulative amount of red mud released into the environment in China is expected to reach 1.5 billion tons by 2021. 1 Due to the large amount of red mud which is a highly …
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Four components, including Fe 2 O 3, CaO, Al 2 O 3, and SiO 2, constitute the major part of red mud. One of the most challenging steps was to choose a method to separate calcium from the mixture.
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The typical contents of valuable components in red mud such as Ti, Si, Fe, Na and Al ... the iron‐depleted red mud [31]. The main pyrometallurgical ways for iron recovery from red mud are ...
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Abstract In order to conserve natural resources and prevent waste generation, effective utilization of industrial wastes and/or by-products for beneficial engineering applications becomes inevitable. In order to accomplish this, extensive research studies, exploring properties and new applications of waste materials in a sustainable and environmentally friendly manner, …
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Table 1 showed that Fe 2 O 3, SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, and TiO 2 were the major chemical components of red mud, and their contents were 39.79%, 21.51%, 16.32%, and 3.65%, respectively. In addition, the content of CaO was 2.24%, while the content of the key alkaline substance, Na 2 O, was as high as 3.29%.. Figure 1 suggested that hematite was the iron-bearing mineral, …
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The main components of red mud include Fe 2 O 3, Al 2 O 3, SiO 2, Na 2 O, and CaO, along with trace amounts of Th, U, Y, ... In this incident, the highly alkaline red mud (approximately pH 12) caused a catastrophic flow, resulting in the deaths of 10 people, injuries to hundreds, and the destruction of around 40 km 2 of farmland [15,16].
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Red mud (RM) is the major waste material with strong alkaline discharged which is during the alumina extraction process. The global stock of RM has exceeded 4 billion tons …
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The residue generated is usually highly alkaline with pH about 10.5–13 [1, 2]. Bauxite ore primarily contains aluminium hydroxides (gibbsite) and oxy hydroxides (boehmite …
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This bibliometric perspective on red mud research provides an overview of red mud research available on major scientific platforms and a search tool for relevant information. In conclusion, the analysis of red mud literature unveils a robust global interest, with key contributions from 80 countries and over 10,000 researchers, resulting in more ...
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The alkaline components in red mud represent one of the crucial factors restricting its application, especially for the construction and building industry. ... The main components of the filter ...
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Red mud contains high quantities of alkali-generating minerals and metal ions, which can cause significant environmental damage. Many valuable components such as rare-earth elements, Al, and Fe, in RM are difficult to …
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The disposal of red mud (RM), a waste material generated by the aluminum industry, remains a global environmental concern because of its high alkalinity and smaller particle size, which have the potential to pollute air, soil, …
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RM-ERMs find application in three main areas: purifying wastewater, treating atrophy gases, and remediating soil. The extremely alkaline nature of red mud is harnessed …
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The main components of red mud include Fe 2 O 3, Al 2 O 3, SiO 2, Na 2 O, and CaO, along with trace amounts of Th, U, Y, ... In this incident, the highly alkaline red mud …
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Effect of alkaline activator on the main properties of geopolymers based on cullet glass and red mud January 2015 Revista Romana de materiale = Romanian journal of materials = RRM 45(2):138-146
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Abstract. Red mud contains excessive Na +, which seriously damages acidity and alkalinity of surrounding soil and groundwater.Therefore, the occurrence form and the leaching characteristics of the alkaline components in red mud under different pH conditions were studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD), ion chromatography and titration test, et al., and the solidification …
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The main chemical components of red mud include SiO 2, Al 2 O 3, CaO, all gel components. Thus it can substitute for a portion of the clay in the preparation cement and concrete, thereby not only consuming massive quantities of red mud but also decreasing its …
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