The design of various experiments in order to assess and simulate the effects of the acid activation of an Algerian bentonite on the bleaching capacity of Colza oil is described. Three key parameters of the acidic activation, namely acid concentration, contact time and temperature, were considered. The calculations made indicated that all variables display …
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The activation of bentonite is carried out in a continuous stirred tank reactor at low temperatures between 70 and 120 °C in the presence of activation agents, mostly sulfuric …
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Acid-activation of bentonite was optimised to prepare an effective adsorbent of toluene. The activated bentonite was obtained with a specific surface area of 195 m 2 /g, a pore volume of about 0.46 cm 3 /g and a most frequent pore size of 62. Å.. Compared to the raw bentonite, the adsorption of toluene onto acid-activated bentonite was increased from 66 …
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to the bentonite suspension, up to a volume of 200 mL. 2.3 Activation and modification of ben-tonite clays The acid activation of bentonite clays has been prepared using 5 g of bentonite was placed in a 500 mL beaker, to which 200 mL of sulfuric acid solution of given concentration (5-30 %) was added. The suspension was kept at
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Particle size distribution of the (a) fine aggregate and (b) coarse aggregate. Appl. Sci. 2019, 9, 5549 5 of 16 2.2. Activation of Bentonite 2.2.1. Mechanical Activation (Grinding) The clay collected from the natural source was first oven-dried for 24 h at 100 C. After drying, the clay was ground in Loss Angeles abrasion machine.
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subjected to an activation process (acidic, alkaline, thermal or mixed) [9]. Acid activation is a chemical treatment that is generally carried out with hydrochloric or sulfuric acid. The increase in the adsorption capacity of bentonite depends on the activation conditions (acid concentration and type, temperature, contact time,
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Abstract—A study is performed of the effect the means of activation of bentonite-like clays (acidic, alkaline, combined) have on the adsorption characteristics of Fe3+ ions under static …
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Acid-activation of natural bentonite has been the subject of numerous studies (Bergaya and Lagaly, 2001; Carrado and Komadel, 2009). The acidic attack of bentonite can improve its behaviour by removing impurities and various exchangeable cations from the structure.
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Acid activation of bentonite clay for recycled automotive oil purification. johanna aguilar. 2020, E3S web of conferences. See full PDF download Download PDF. Related papers. Activation of Kosovo Bentonite with Sulphuric Acid for Recycling of Used Motor Oils.
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The methods of X-ray diffraction, FTIR, electron microscopy, BET, CEC and others were used for investigation of bentonite activation with hydrocloric acid in conditions of water deficiency, it was established that during bentonite activation inclusions of gypsum play an essential role, promoting saturation of montmorillonite with Ca2+ cations.
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The optimum moisture of the bentonite samples for soda activation was found to be 40% in our preliminary activation studies on viscosity, swelling, and filtration loss. In soda activation, soda ash powder was added to the initially moisturized bentonite samples and kneaded till all the bentonite had reacted with soda.
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The purpose of this study was to apply a factorial 2 3 experimental design to a Serbian bentonite in order to determine the influence of microwave heating on the acid-activation process. The effect of acid activation under microwave irradiation on the textural and structural properties of bentonite was studied as a model reaction.
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The acid activation of bentonite caused an increase in the amount of Si +4 and Ti +4; this increase could be attributed to the remobilization of cations in the octahedral or tetrahedral sites (Venaruzzo et al. 2002). However, the alumina content decreased from 20.04% (NB) to 18.76% (AAB); this decrease could be attributed to the dealumination ...
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The sodium salt-assisted low temperature activation of bentonite (BB) was attempted. The unique features of the raw bentonite and BB were characterized with respect to the morphological ...
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Activation using acid is a proven and reliable technique that causes a controlled, peripheral dissolution of the clay generating active sites. The layered structure of bentonite has an alumina octahedral sheet in between two silica tetrahedral sheets providing an uniform …
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By applying activation techniques, the reactivity of bentonite can be improved, and its incorporation levels can be maximized. In this study, the influence of mechanical and thermo-mechanical activation of bentonite is investigated on properties of concrete. Bentonite was used for 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, 30%, and 35% mass replacements of OPC.
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Nowadays soda activation of bentonite rich in Ca-smectite is a standard industrial practice in manufacturing of drilling muds, binders, litter, adsorbents, barrier clays, etc. Transformation ...
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The applications of various clay minerals are related to their structural, physical, and chemical characteristics. These properties of the clay minerals dictate their utilization in the industries an...
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Activations of Ethiopian Hadar bentonite clay were modified by using hydrochloric acid. Hydrochloric acid was used to enhance the activated Hadar bentonite clay to be utilized …
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In this work, the sodium salt induced activation of bentonite derived adsorbent at low temperature has been attempted. The specific surface area, and total pore volume was …
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The effects of activation parameters (time and temperature) on its physiochemical properties and its performance for the removal of sodium ions from water were investigated. Bentonite activated for 6 h at 300 °C showed a maximum specific surface area of 81.74 m 2 /g while the raw one showed 57.6 m 2 /g. However, the cation exchange capacity ...
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Handbook of Clay Science. P. Komadel, J. Madejová, in Developments in Clay Science, 2013 Abstract. Acid activation is a common chemical modification of clays, usually bentonites, with a hot solution of a mineral acid (typically HCl or H 2 SO 4), and it is used for both scientific and industrial purposes.The aim is to obtain partly dissolved material of increased specific surface …
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The acid/alkaline washing is the common method for the activation of bentonite to remove impurities (e.g., quartz), eliminate natural occurring cations by H + /OH − exchange in acid/alkaline solution, which increase its specific surface area, reactive sites and porosity.
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Acid activation technique was opted for modifying natural bentonite (NB) to enhance the adsorptive removal of CIP from water. The BET surface area analysis revealed …
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Acid activation is a chemical treatment traditionally used on clays, typically bentonites in hydrochloric or sulphuric acid, to obtain partly dissolved materials with enhanced …
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During the acid activation of bentonite, a decrease in the intensity of stretching and bending bands (a characteristic of octahedral sheet for Al-Al-OH) is observed at 1650 cm −1, which reflects the leaching of octahedral cations, such as Al 3+ and Mg 2+, from the bentonite structure, thus indicating the destruction of the octahedral layer.
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2.2 Activation of bentonite clay Activation was done based study of Samira & Moussa, 2014; 400 mL of hydrochloric acid (2M HCl) (98%, d = 1.98 g/cm 3 ) solution was added to 50 g of NB sample.
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7. 09/26/18 7 EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAMME The objective of this work is to study the behavior of calcium bentonite clay treated with sulfuric acid of 3N concentration under mechanical stirring and refluxing condition separately. 1. …
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The bentonite clay after acid activation was used as a catalyst for diester preparation using succinic acid and ethanol. The conversion of succinic acid was 62% with high yield (73%) of valuable ...
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The sodium salt-assisted low temperature activation of bentonite (BB) was attempted. The unique features of the raw bentonite and BB were characterized with respect to the morphological, functional, and textural analysis. The adsorptive behaviour was evaluated by adopting methylene blue () as the model pollutant via batch adsorption experiment.
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