Ferrochrome slag is a by-product of the production of ferro-chrome alloy, an essential component in stainless steel. The conventional process of ferrochrome making involves the carbothermic reduction of chromite ore where around 1.2–1.5 tons of slag containing approximately 8–12% of chromium oxide is generated per ton of hot metal (Jena and …
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With screened lumpy ore, together with briquetted fines, the chrome recovery should increase to about 80%. When lumpy and fine ore are replaced by pellets, the Cr …
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Semantic Scholar extracted view of "The recovery of ferrochrome from slag at Zimasco" by H. P. Mashanyare et al. ... Synopsis South Africa holds approximately three-quarters of the world's viable chromite ore resources and dominates the global production of ferrochrome. Albeit completely unintended, small amounts … Expand. 45. PDF.
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The preprocessing of the run-of-mine ore to produce concentrates and pellets is clearly targeted at enhancing the reduction characteristics of the ore to ensure maximum reduction takes place through gaseous reduction. The effects of preprocessing on the kinetics of reduction have been reported in a number of studies [24-29].
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In 2020, global ferrochrome production was 12.7 million tonnes in which China, South Africa and Kazakhstan rank as the top three producers. 14 Chromite (FeCr 2 O 4) ore is today the only economical chromium resource that contains about 45%Cr 2 O 3.It is extracted by either open-pit or underground method. 15 HC FeCr is typically produced by a carbothermic …
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Idiomorphic chromite is the only ore mineral appearing in economic quantities. The average content of the ore is 26% Cr 2 O 3 and the Cr/Fe ratio is 1.55. The Kemi chromium mine is an open-pit mine with a waste rock to ore ratio of 5.5:1. At Kemi, the ore from the mine contains 11% iron and 25.5% Cr 2 O 3.
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The smelting behavior of waste chromite ore fines containing Cr and Ni to produce crude Fe–Cr–Ni–N alloy was investigated in this study. In the experiments, for each heat, liquid steel melt (metal pool 1 kg) was prepared in a 3--capacity laboratory-scale electric arc furnace for the absorption of reduced metals like chromium, nickel, etc., under hydrogen and …
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recovery of titanium in ferro chrome slag - phn-france. Ferrochrome Slag Recovery Technology In IndiaFerrochrome smelting with OPK™ Preheating Kilnfor maximum heat energy recovery and Slag granulation Ferrochrome casting Slag as well as ferro chrome slag -recovery of titanium in ferro chrome slag-,Ferrochrome ore crusher priceFerrochrome FeCr ...
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Chrome ore in Chi na are mostly met by impor ts ... The recovery of ferrochrome from slag at Zimasco. Miner. ... At 5 min grinding time, the maximum selective comminution factor (β) values of ...
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Ferrochrome is ferroalloys composed of chromium and iron. Ferrochrome is an important alloy addictive for steelmaking. The addition of chromium can significantly improve the corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance of steel, increase wear resistance, and maintain high-temperature strength. ... The raw materials used are chrome ore, coke ...
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Processing resource requirements in mineral extractive industries tend to increase over time as ore grades decrease, which consequently increases the environmental footprint of operations and products. This phenomenon may be alleviated by cleaner production interventions. South Africa is the largest global supplier of chromium. This study investigates the impact of …
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Chromite ore is available in nature mainly in the form of Cr2O3.FeO which contains 40 - 52% Cr2O3 and 15- 20% FeO by weight. Global annual output of chromite ore is approximately 20 Mt, which has ...
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The conventional process of ferrochrome making involves the carbothermic reduction of chromite ore where around 1.2–1.5 tons of slag containing approximately 8–12% …
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Carbothermal reduction of chromium ore enables production of ferrochrome. Usually, an electrical furnace is used for production of chromium, which consumes high …
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The carbon reacts with the oxygen in the chromite ore, reducing it to ferrochrome. The overall chemical reaction can be represented as: 3. Alloy Formation. The reduction of chromite results in the formation of molten …
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Cost analysis of chrome ore reduction is one of the important issues facing ferrochrome producers in today's competitive environment. Much of this depends on quality and various ratios in the actual ore. The latter can have a direct bearing on electricity consumption and optimum efficiency of the furnaces. While the industry has been successful in reducing costs by …
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1. Collecting samples: A representative sample is collected from the chromite ore deposit to ensure that the sample is representative and covers the characteristics of the entire deposit. 2. Ore property analysis: Carry out the …
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High carbon ferrochrome slag (HCFS) is a byproduct from the production of ferrochrome, and there is no effective method to deal with it. In this paper, aiming at comprehensive utilization of HCFS ...
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Ferrochrome is usually produced by the reduction of chromite ore in a submerged arc or direct current furnace. The production process generates a large quantity of flue dust that contains potentially valuable components, such as ferrochrome, iron and carbides. In many instances, valuable chromite minerals are misplaced in the flue dust along with the slag forming minerals …
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The variation of basicity from 0.5 to 0.7 had little impact on metal composition but significantly impacted metal recovery. Slag basicity of 0.6 was suitable for obtaining a …
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Research article Magnesium recovery from ferrochrome slag: kinetics and possible use in a circular economy L.B. Moyoa,b,*, G.S. Simatea, T.A. Mamvurac a School of Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, University of the Witwatersrand, Private Bag 3, Wits, 2050, Johannesburg, South Africa b Department of Chemical Engineering, National University of …
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Kinetic and thermodynamic analysis of the leaching process were also investigated as these are critical factors for maximum extraction of the Mg. The results showed that the highest recovery of Mg of 88.2% was obtained from FCS using 5 M HCl with a solid to liquid ratio of 1:10, mixing intensity of 250 rpm, reaction time and temperature of 150 ...
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South Africa's ferrochrome industry has taken its first steps towards independent power generation, with plans to generate up to 750 MW of its own electricity (comprising wind, solar and cogenerated power) by 2024, Mining Weekly can report. The industry adds significant value to chrome ore by elevating it to ferrochrome, which it sells at a far higher price, earning …
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Supply of world chromite (chrome ore) has come under severe pressure over the past year driven by strong demand for ferrochrome used in ferroalloy production for making stainless steel. Many of the strategic minerals are inputs into products in fast-changing markets. ... Similarly, maximum Cr 2 O 3 recovery of 46.73% can be achieved at the same ...
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HCFeCr typically contains 60–70% Cr and 4–6% C (Basson and Daavittila, 2013). When the chromium content is lower (50–55% Cr) and the carbon content higher (6–8% C), it is referred …
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Ferrochrome production is a high energy intensive process consuming around 3000 to 3500 kWh/t of electrical energy. Ferrochrome is produced by smelting of different grades of chromite ore with coke and fluxing agents such as lime, dolomite, and quartz in a submerged arc furnace (SAF). Apart from the production of ferrochrome, co-products that are produced …
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This plant is now producing saleable ferrochrome containing less than 2% slag at a recovery of over 96% of liberated metal. 1997 Published by Elsevier Science Ltd Keywords Gravity concentration; environmental; pyrometallurgy THE HISTORY OF THE METAL FROM SLAG RECOVERY PROCESS Slag dumps have been recognized as a potential source of …
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Chromium has a wide range of applications, including as an alloy addition in various steels and also as a corrosion resistance coating. Carbothermal reduction of chromite ore (FeCr 2 O 4) in a submerged arc furnace is an important industrial process for extracting chromium, but the energy consumption is excessive.It is suggested that one area for future …
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Experimental smelting of three batches of prereduced chromite raw materials with different degrees of metallization of chromium was conducted in the 0.2 MVA ore-smelting furnace of the Chemical and Metallurgical Institute named after Zh. Abishev (Karaganda). To assess the performance indicators of the remelting of prereduced chromite raw materials in …
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The primary use of chromite ore is towards the production of ferrochrome alloys. ... The maximum Cr-to-Fe ratio reported in the feed grains is 5.49, varying from a minimum value of 2.56 to 5.49 due to the chromite spinel structure. ... Part 1. The recovery of iron from iron ore tailings using magnetic separation after magnetizing roasting. J ...
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